References Essay on curriculum, Larry ; et al. Next Generation Sunshine State Standards. The district is now partnering with higher education facilities to help build curriculum that prepare students for college. Osterweil, S. This helps teachers understand the curriculum because it allows….
References
Curriculum and Instructional Leadership: A commitment to life-long and self-directed learning is essential for effective learning-centered curriculum and instructional leaders. These leaders need to have a deeper understanding of the way students learn and their level of learning. In most cases, effective instructional leaders are extremely committed and involved in both curricular and instructional issues that have a direct impact on student accomplishment "What is Instructional Leadership? Currently, efficient school leadership must combine the traditional leadership duties like evaluation, scheduling, maintenance of facilities, and budgeting with an increased engagement with particular teaching and learning aspects.
The creation of a professional learning environment in which students constantly improve their knowledge and skills requires an understanding of how they learn. Consequently, curriculum and instructional leadership plays a critical role in the process because leaders must put curriculum and instruction first "Leadership Professional Development Policy," History of Curriculum and Instructional Leadership:…. References: Chell, essay on curriculum, J n. What policies should be taken into account for the curriculum design? Institutional policies concerning the disciplines being offered should be taken into account Keating.
Case Study 2: Philmore College 1. What parameters must the curriculum committee consider when designing the courses? The design parameters that should be considered by the curriculum committee should include "all components title, purpose, and description; outcomes, teaching-learning strategies, content, classes; opportunities for students to demonstrate learning and faculty evaluation of student achievementand the relationships between and among them" Iwasiw et al. In what way will a commitment to active learning influence course design? As the term implies, essay on curriculum learning requires effort on the part of the educator as well as the learners in an intensive fashion.
For example, Michael and Modell report that all active learning approaches "ultimately require students the learners to test their current mental models of the phenomenon…. References Cook, P. Caring as an imperative for nursing education. Nursing Education Perspectives, 24 4 Fontaine, K. Curriculum planning for degree nursing programs. Iwasiw, C. Curriculum development in nursing education. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. One negative impact of ELL laws on curriculum development is presented in Education eek Zehr, In schools with a small number of ELLs, "…first generation immigrant students do better academically if they aren't placed in an ESL class" Zehr, p.
This may be true because ELLs aren't invited to access to mainstream "…core academic curriculum"; also, their counterparts that are in mainstream classes with no ESL available "do better academically than students who are put in ESL classes" again this is only true in schools with few ELLs Zehr, p. A positive impact vis-a-vis the benefits of SIOP for non-ELL teachers is that the SIOP protocol helps "distinguish teachers" who work with the program from other teachers with no experience in SIOP ARCC. THREE: How has the gifted educational movement impacted the evolution of curriculum development? Address both negative and positive impacts…provide examples. For one thing,…. Works Cited Appalachia Regional Comprehensive Center.
SIOP Implementation: NC Success Stories. Cal Essay on curriculum Instruction Observation Protocol. What is the SIOP Model? Curriculum Change Plan Chart Subject Area Targeted: We are targeting Social Studies as a curriculum change. This change is designed to follow through the elementary levels through high school, to be integrated not just in a factual approach, but to reflect newer ideas surrounding critical thinking, vetting of sources, use of electronic data, and events that have occurred in the era essay on curriculum globalization. Specific to this is the issue surrounding globalization. We must, in fact, prepare the study of today to be the global leader of tomorrow. Globalization, or the idea that there is increased cooperation economic, political, social and cultural between nations, contributes immensely to the idea essay on curriculum diversity management within the public and private sectors.
This should not be surprising, since with the removal of trade barriers, organizational culture and the movement of employees and stakeholder expectations change as well, essay on curriculum. Global societies, thus global public management, is more…. Curriculum Specialist Especially with the emphasis by the federal government on student performance with "No Child Left Behind," there exists an essential need for a well-educated and skilled curriculum specialist for school systems. Specific Skills: Excellent classroom presentation, facilitation, essay on curriculum, and management abilities.
Strong organizational and time management skills. Ability to complete responsibilities in a professional environment with cross-functional teams, as well as an individual contributor. Excellent verbal, written and interpersonal communication skills. Most important, providing full attention to what others have to say, taking time to listen to and understand points essay on curriculum made, questioning as appropriate, and only offering input when needed. Facility in multi-tasking and handling high-pressured situations. Capability to think proactively and strategically. This consists of applying logic and reasoning to identify the pros and cons of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
Knowledge: Mediation and negotiating. PC capabilities including Microsoft Word, essay on curriculum, PowerPoint and database skills Educational…. References Lord, M. You can, too. Parenting Special. According to the Education World Web site, essay on curriculum, essay on curriculum National tandards for Language Arts was created by the National Council of Teachers of English. The Language arts include reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. For the English language, the National tandards include building skills involving communication, essay on curriculum, critical thinking, and evaluation. The educational system is to provide students with a wider perspective not only of themselves, but also of the world in which they function.
Philosophically and socially this means an intercultural build-up of an educational basis that will help students not only cope with further educational demands, essay on curriculum, but also with life in general. uch standards are in keeping with the democratic principles of the country. In pragmatic terms, students are indeed given a much more equal basis of education than the case was in the past. On sociological terms, learning to handle language in both academic and non-academic contexts help learners…. Sources California State Board of EducationDec. English-Language Arts Content Standards for California Public Schools.
pdf Chiba, SusanJan essay on curriculum. A National Curriculum: Seeking Fairness for All. New York Times. html Education World. National Standards -- English Grades K shtml Robertson, Caryn. Correcting the Curriculum, essay on curriculum. Online News Hour. At which point, students who are enrolled in the program will begin to see improvements in their mental attitudes and achievement scores. Lindhold, However, there have been concerns that this program could often ignore Hispanic students who have trouble learning English. The reason why, is because a high percentage of Hispanic students have the highest dropout rates among all the different minorities.
As a result, researchers found that Two Way Immersion programs help to improve the performance of Hispanic students who are English language learners. The reason why, is because these programs reach out to them from a cultural perspective and it has the students pledge, to remain in school. This is significant, because it helps to give these students direction and assistance. At which point, they will begin to perform better in school, changing their mental essay on curriculum. Lindhold, The Strengths and Limitations of Essay on curriculum Way Immersion Programs…. Bibliography Two Way Immersion Education. Tools for Schools. html Lindhold, K. The Impact of Two Way Immersion on Students Attitudes Toward School and College.
ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics. Post-secondary education would benefit from a Pan-Canadian plan to assess the impact of e-learning initiatives. It is important that instructional design match the goals and potential of e-learning. Research is needed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of such things as learning objects and multimedia applications. Properly implemented computer mediated communication can enrich the learning environment; help reduce low motivation and feelings of isolation in distance learners.
E-learning appears to be more effective in distance education, essay on curriculum, where technology use is required than in face-to-face instructional settings. Abrami, et al. Bibliography Bedi, K and Lange L the Impact of Faculty Interaction on E-Learning at U21 Global - Some Preliminary Evidence, essay on curriculum. U21Global Graduate School for Global Leaders. March, et al. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology Vol. html Curriculum Sharing.
what is critical analysis essay
Curriculum Trends in the Next 10 Years For more than 20 years, curriculum and its accompanying emphasis on standards and accountability for learning have dominated the debate over improving education. The most common strategy that educators have used in the past to get students to learn and do the right things is to modify the curriculum. Unfortunately, this approach to curriculum development has been largely unsuccessful. While there is no crystal ball that will allow educators to look into the future to determine the direction of curriculum trends over the next decade, a critical analysis of the relevant literature will provide…. References Childs, K. Improving the Classroom Behavior of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Using Individualized Curricular Modifications.
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 9 4 , Cuban, L. The Lure of Curricular Reform and Its Pitiful History. Phi Delta Kappan,. For example, to assess arithmetic, number and operations concepts, the measurable objectives used include the pupil being able to demonstrate an understanding of the relative magnitude of numbers, being able to accurately solve problems involving proportional reasoning and applying properties of numbers. These criteria would be assessed and supported through documentation as evidence. To assess the overall depth of knowledge of each pupil, the attainment of each measurable objective is compared to a standardized chart in order to assess the level of achievement reached Department of Education, n.
The Department of Education Web site also supplies teachers supplementary materials which outline the required knowledge which must be demonstrated by the pupil to attain each measurable objective. The materials meet the first aim of the strategic plan, as they are designed to promote high-quality instruction, in such a way as to improve student achievement. The provision of these materials is aimed…. References Cuban, L. Theory Into Practice, 34 1 , Department of Education n. Mathematics Grade Expectations: Depth of Knowledge Levels. State of Vermont Department of Education. Department of Education Strategic Plan Department of Education State Board of Education. Instead, the curriculum development responsibility is placed on the individual teachers, the majority who have less than two years of teaching experience.
The result is that the teachers spent most of their time focused on such things as classroom management, that curriculum development is overlooked and no succinct curriculum is used in the school. This will cause problems as the students advance through the grades. The Curriculum: No As previously noted, the school is currently operating under numerous curriculums taken from various sources and therefore alignment is non-existence. At one level is the school district's mandated curriculum and testing that does not align with the theory of an expeditionary learning curriculum. On the other hand there is the lack of an aligned curriculum within the school. Instead teachers develop their own curriculum that is vaguely based on the expeditionary learning philosophy and simply provide assessment through the school district's procedures,….
Bibliography English, F. Deciding What to Teach and What to Test: Designing, Aligning and Auditing the Curriculum Millennium Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA. Expeditionary Learning Schools Outward Bound. Hawley, Suzanne W. And Carolyn V. Literacy and Learning: An Expeditionary Discovery through Children's Literature. Curriculum What role do administrators and staff developers play in the curriculum design or revision process? The governor of the state appoints members to the Florida State Board of Education. Some educational commissioners are elected locally by the public during general elections. This means that school administrators and staff developers play an indirect role in curriculum design and revision. The superintendents of school districts are also in charge of local variances in curriculum and instruction.
For example, in Miami-Dade County, Associate Superintendent Milagros. Fornell addresses curriculum and instruction Miami-Dade County Public Schools, n. Staff developers and school administrators can and often do participate as consultants in the curriculum design and revision process. What are the expectations related to who uses the curriculum that is developed and how the curriculum is used? There are several expectations related to who uses the curriculum that is developed at both the state and…. References Florida Department of Education Next Generation Sunshine State Standards.
Curriculum and instruction. These two areas of the curriculum are equally important and thus should be treated that way. Both should have excellent programs for students so that they have an outstanding chance to succeed in both. The other area that the school needs to enhance is that of their theology curriculum. They appear to have a very good basic program but one that could be made even better with a little work. The idea of obtaining a religious-based education is to enable a student to do good things in the community with what they learn at school.
The school needs to implement a program where the students could use what they are learning to give back to the community while learning how things in the real world work. The students should be given the opportunity to learn and grow by way of real world experiences, as this will only make them better…. References Catholic Education. aspx Hall, T. Curriculum-based evaluations. Wakefield, MA: National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum. A Professional Development Model for Math and Science Educators in Catholic Elementary Schools: Challenges and Successes. The idea of community service was also involved. The students not only got to visit a nursery, they were instructed on the benefit of trees. After their visit to the nursery, the students participated in planting several trees throughout the community.
The basic concept of expeditionary learning is beneficial to the students. However, because the school is still tied to the district, they still must meet various standards and benchmarks. These standards and benchmarks often do not fit into the expeditionary learning curriculum, thus there is often a conflict of two competing curriculums. This does not benefit the students because they end up being stuck between the two and therefore do not get the benefit of the singular curriculum. Further, the general flow of the expeditionary learning curriculum is interrupted, and the main point of teaching the children self-learning and the concept of how everything is connected is lost.
Bibliography Expeditionary Learning Schools Outward Bound. Outward Bound Staff. San Francisco: Outward Bound, Inc. Curriculum Design hen a group of individuals designed to be members of a sales force for a brick and mortar multinational business go 'back to school,' the curriculum philosophy, implementation and design of the firm will be by definition much, much different in its objectives than the aims of the curriculum of a local school district. The difference will not simply be in the age of the individuals, as many older people are becoming part of the nation's high school and community college graduates. Rather, the primary difference will be that the curriculum for the corporation must be praxis-driven, rather than simply designed to foster learning in the students.
Customer service and retention and employee satisfaction and retention must be the prime objectives of such corporate training. Companies "use training to meet an ever-growing mix of strategic objectives. Works Cited Fenton, Richard and Andrea Waltz. htm O'Toole, Barbara. htm Vargas, Andrea. This, in a sense, will be a return to the original set-up of education in the United States. Originally, each school district was given the responsibility of implementing the needed educational reforms to meet their individual and unique needs. However, as the nation grew and became less and less agricultural based, the need for a national protocol became necessary.
Yet, today our society is less similar than it was before. There are greater cultural and class differences between communities. For these reasons, in school reform measures need to be localized in order to properly meet these needs. In conclusion, based on all the evidence found in the above cited reference materials, it is likely that in twenty years education will be based on addressing local needs and abilities. The federal government will play less of a role in implementing rules and regulations and instead the school boards will once again…. Bibliography Deal, Terrence E. Eaker, Robert, Richard DuFour, Rebecca DuFour. Washington, D. English, F. Evans, Robert. New York: Jossey-Bass Inc. Facilitating greater communication between faculty members Faculty members must use one another as resources.
More experienced teachers can mentor less experienced teachers to prevent other teachers from making the same mistakes that they did during their careers -- and so the new teachers can use proven techniques more effectively. Being exposed to new teachers and new teaching techniques will keep older teachers 'fresh' and 'on their toes' as well! A formal mentoring program for first-year teachers should be instated. Also, monthly staff meetings devoted to discussing problems with students, and creating effective solutions to educational challenges will enables faculty members to learn collectively from one another, old and young, and to identify students with special needs. Students who are gifted, challenged, or simply had family or behavioral issues would see their education improve because teachers who had these students from year to year could talk during those meetings and design….
Works Cited Armstrong, Thomas. htm Good classroom teaching for all kinds of learners. Hello Friend: Ennis William Cosby Foundation. html multisen Means, Barbara. Tested curriculum is that which is taught in order to be assessed. One example of tested curriculum would be in spelling, where a child is given a list of spellings to take home and learn in preparation to be tested at some later stage. There is no other motive behind the curriculum other than for the child to learn the information presented Cuban, The hidden curriculum relates to the aspects of schooling which are implicit, such as aspects which produce changes in the students' values, perceptions and behaviors. These changes may be either desirable or undesirable, depending upon the behaviors and attitudes learnt.
This has the power to affect an educational institution, particularly if the hidden curriculum produces undesirable effects in children Glatthorn et al. For example in a school in which many of the children are perceived to develop worsening behavior and attitudes as they get older,…. Glatthorn, a. And Whitehead, B. London: Sage. Goodman, C. American Annals of the Deaf, 1 , Wilson, L. Wilson's Curriculum Pages. As a result of these reforms and need, policymakers, researchers and other relevant stakeholders in this field have become interested in examining the curriculum delivered to students. This interest has primarily focused on the link between the taught curriculum and the intended curriculum.
In light of this, curriculum alignment has emerged as an important aspect towards promoting the success of student learning and achievement of learning goals and objectives. In this regard, aligning the intended curriculum, taught curriculum, and learned curriculum is vital towards enhancing learning outcomes. According to Seitz , curriculum is defined as all courses offered at a school or the learning of students as directed by the school. Therefore, the intended curriculum…. References Alberta Learning. Instructional Strategies. pdf Drake, S. Meeting Standards Through Integrated Curriculum. aspx Porter, A. Defining, Developing, and Using Curriculum Indicators.
pdf Seitz, P. Curriculum Alignment Among the Intended, Enacted and Assessed Curricula for Grade 9 Mathematics. Journal of the Canadian Association for Curriculum Studies, 15 1 , Watermeyer, R. Curriculum Alignment, Articulation and the Formative Development of the Learner. pdf Winn, J. Promises and Challenges of Scaffolded Instruction. Learning Disability Quarterly, 17 1 , The curriculum unit selected in this regard is Interactive Fractions and Decimals. Specifically, the teaching is expected to include multiplication and division of numbers between 1 and and solving word problems. Specifically, the standard that is taken into consideration in this analysis is: CCSS.
Principle of Culturally Responsive Teaching Current State of Curriculum Unit Gaps Between Principles and Curriculum Unit Recommendation for Improvement Relationships: Developing Positive and authentic relationships across differences and getting to know students, families, and communities are important to creating a classroom culture where students feel safe and supported. Linking mathematics, culture and community and the different ways of accomplishing that take into consideration the cultural diversity of the students so as to come up with learning activities. Mathematical concepts of multiplication and division…. References Caro-Bruce, C. Creating equitable classrooms through action research. Corwin Press. Linking mathematics, culture and community.
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, , Krasnoff, B. Culturally responsive teaching: A guide to evidence-based practices for teaching all students equitably. Rimm-Kaufman, S. aspx Shade, B. Creating culturally responsive classrooms Updated reprint. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Common Core Standards have been established in the field of education as a set of objectives for students to accomplish by the conclusion of their school year. These standards are geared towards enhancing students learning and outcomes through shaping curriculum. In addition, standards must serve as the foundation for a productive, balanced assessment system. This assignment focuses on unpacking a standard, creating a table of test specifications, and developing a curriculum map for a unit of study to demonstrate the alignment of assessment, curriculum, and assessment.
Part 1 — Unpacking a Standard The Pennsylvania Department of Education has established Common Core Standards for different subject areas, grade level, and content area. Reference Pennsylvania Department of Education. Academic Standards for History. States are still required to have high standards, in the words of ESSA, but these standards do not have to adhere to Common Core standards, although states are free to ensure that they do so Klein According to Education Week, while states still have to get accountability plans approved, states under ESSA have now been given considerably more flexibility in setting goals for themselves, to allow for greater differentiation in student ability on a state-by-state basis. There are still a number of specific areas that state plans are bound to address, including proficiency standards and graduation rates Klein There must also be a plan to close the gap when there are….
References Klein, A. The Every Student Succeeds Act: An ESSA Overview. Education Week. html Teacher evaluation and support systems: A roadmap for improvement. The Aspen Institute. Curriculum The learning and skills sector LSS is an Essential part of educational development in the United Kingdom. For many years this educational program faltered and was not taken seriously. However in recent years Legislators in the UK have dedicated a great deal of time and resources to improving LSS. According to Maxwell The Learning and Skills Sector LSS in England is diverse, comprising further education FE colleges, sixth-form colleges, personal and community development learning and work-based training and learning in other adult settings such as prisons and the uniformed services.
Over the last 15 years the sector has moved from a position of 'benign neglect' Young et al. Developing the workforce needed to support this ambitious agenda…. Works Cited Curriculum for diversity guide. pdf Fisher, R. Journal of Further and Higher Education. A teacher must research the curriculum she or he will teach over the summer, to ensure that it is grade-appropriate and meets certain standards. The teacher must also be open to new possibilities, to try different approaches to structuring the syllabus and to changing the types of skills that are taught as a part of the curriculum, based upon his or her reading of educational journals, talking with colleagues, and reflecting upon the previous year.
But the process of curriculum design does not end when school begins. The teacher must assess the abilities of the students, and gain a sense of how the class functions as a unit. Are there many different levels of ability in the class? If so, the teacher may need to teach certain groups of students independently, to remedy current deficits in knowledge. The teacher should also be ready to alter the activities used to convey…. Works Cited About the Curriculum Wizard. WNSS School Guide. aspOrnstein, Alan C. Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, and Issues. Allyn and Bacon. Smith, M. Retrieved 22 Jan Last updated: 30 January Curriculum hat are the dominant influences on school curriculum in America?
hat was the approach to curriculum development in the past? Those issues are addressed in this paper. The Literature on Curriculum and its Influences Philosopher and educator John Dewey wrote in that there was a wide gulf between the child of that era and the curriculum being offered. He posed a picture of the "…narrow but personal world of the child" put up against the "…impersonal but infinitely extended world of space and time" Dewey, , p. In other words, Dewey was trying to make the point that curricula should attempt to allow the child to proceed "…step-by-step to master" each separate parts of a lesson rather than present "…an abstract principle of logical classification and arrangement" The road is long when you're asking a child to view a subject in its entirety, Dewey continued 12 ,….
Works Cited Dewey, John The Child and the Curriculum. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Phillion, JoAnn, Connelly, F. Michael, and He, Ming Fang. The SAGE Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Pinar, William F. Making principals and school administrators involved in the process along with parents creates additional support and potential for learning reinforcement at home and in creates greater cohesiveness in terms of the school's overall learning environment. hile any number of step-by-step curricular models exists for individual teachers, since the underlining principle of all curriculum design is to impart skills to students that build upon previous units of learning, it is better that there exist some continuity in curriculum planning between teachers.
Also, if all teachers take a similar approach there is a greater chance that learning outcomes will build on one another, throughout a student's educational career. Curriculum design will no doubt be different 10 years from now, as state and perhaps even national standards require learning outcomes to be more measurable and clearly defined within individual units. This may create more homogeneity in terms of basic skills demanded between schools. Works Cited Hlynka, Denis. html Learning Outcomes. Learning Development Unit. a new history of Iraq Psychologically, it is very difficult for them to believe that Islamic believers, meaning Arabs in this case have lost wars with the infidels.
Islam is the religion of victors and one day, God willing Islam will rule the world is their belief. This is what leads Sheikh Abdul Settar Jabber head of the Muslim Awareness Association; a leading Sunni group to feel that the entire role of the schools should be changed to one that trains students in Islamic law and in how to be good Muslims. a new history of Iraq This is the psychological reaction of a child which when frightened hides near its mother and in this case is hiding within its language. The curriculum of Arabs has to reflect what their culture tells them, and religion is a very important part of their culture along with their language.
Future for…. Accessed on 21 July, Al-Khatib, Mahmoud a. Volume: 13; No: 2; pp: Accessed on 21 July, Neyman, Julia. Nagal around to the changes in curriculum that are necessary and required involve first speaking with the teacher and discovering what it is about these curriculum changes that she is so set against and then mitigating the fears and trepidations of this teacher. Bringing Mrs. Nagal more firmly into the curriculum change process is advised and this can be accomplished by appointing Mrs. Nagal as lead over some aspect of the…. Works Cited Hunzicker, Jan the Beliefs-Behavior Connection: Leading Teachers Toward Change. Teachers will need to look at process models for implementing these two approaches to achieve the benefits of both outcome-based education which emphasizes what students are expected to learn as well as open-ended education which encourages teachers to create a positive learning experience for the student.
The former is best served by technical-scientific approaches while the later is best accomplished by nontechnical-nonscientific approaches. Fortunately, the approaches do appear to be complimentary more so than conflicting ideologies as positioned by some. Therefore, teachers should seek out an integrative approach to their curriculum development approaches that weds process models. Practically speaking, this will mean striking a balance between student-centered and subject-centered curriculum and forming measurable expectations for the general student population as well as the flexibility to aim for highly individualized expectations that are unique to each student and that may be more subjectively assessed.
and, of course, a broader community will…. Bibliography Curriculum development. Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Becon. Ritz, J. Curriculum development. Of these various roles, I am most interested in how to change instruction so that it can meet desired standards and measurements. Ultimately, I believe that this is what makes the real difference in being able to achieve outcomes, particularly with the growing need for differentiated teaching strategies to achieve the same results for students with unique learning needs.
As I have mentioned, I am an advocate of summative and formative assessments because I believe they serve two very different, but complimentary purposes. That being said, I also believe there needs to be the right mix of the two. Currently, our school relies too much on summative assessments due to increased standardized test requirements by our district and state. This has affected every role that teachers play in our assessment process. Bibliography Ornstein, a. Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Shavelson, R. And Coffey, J. On linking formative and summative functions in the design of large-scale assessment systems.
htm Thiel, T. Literature synopsis. The political climate within the United tates is one moving away from conventional medical practices and moving toward alternative medicine. With President Obama's healthcare reform bill, it was made clear that costs within healthcare and the liability from certain procedures is unacceptable. Educating nurses in natural birthing techniques saves hospitals the excessive expenses associated with interventions and results in a happier and less likely to complain patient.
Very few hospitals within the United tates open support natural birth techniques. In fact, most nurses at the hospital were unaware of different birthing positions, the advantages of walking while in labor, or the advantages of water during labor. This ignorance will only result in a loss of patients who will seek out those hospitals with educated staff. Finally, the demographics within the hospital I observed demand better care. The families entering the labor and delivery floor were educated upper-class families who expected…. Childbirth Education and Childbirth Models: Parental Perspectives on Control, Anesthesia, and Technological Intervention in the Birth Process.
Medical Anthropology Quarterly. Vol 3. Just Another Day in a Woman's Life? Women's Long-Term Perceptions of Their First Birth Experience. Vol Childbirth Education in the s and Beyond. By the end of this portion, I had gained confidence in the processes and the procedure and could remember all the requirements. The learning outcome of the course was to educate nurses on the new protocols and technology to complete this procedure on difficult patients. I feel that the curriculum attended very well to these goals. It was always on task and efficient in its training.
I'm guessing that it was so efficient because it was through the hospital to train the staff and they did not want to waste time. After the training I was certified and expected to use this technique on difficult patients. The only lacking competency was using this technique on children. I had not had any previous experience of inserting lines into children and was unaware of protocols or strategies to ease the child's nervousness. This was addressed by more senior nurses in the pediatric…. References Brannam, Larry ; et al.
Emergency Nurses' Utilization of Ultrasound Guidance for Placement of Peripheral Intravenous Lines in Difficult-access Patients. Academic Emergency Medicine. Overton, David Ultrasonography-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Access vs. Traditional Approaches in Patients With Difficult Intravenous Access. Annals of Emergency Medicine. Negative feedbacks and criticisms cannot be avoided at this point, especially upon knowing that it is necessary for them to undergo training on how this program will be implemented, including its advantages for them as teachers. Educators, especially those who have been practicing the profession for a long time have a greater tendency to abhor going through the learning process once more.
As a principal, they should be encouraged to undergo the learning process again and become students, therefore, joining their trainings would promote confidence in learning new ideas once more. As the teachers become students, the idea of the students becoming teachers at some point upon the implementation of the program would somehow alleviate their fear of integrating the use of technology in their learning process. ithin the 30 minutes math lad, they should be allowed to explore the program and share among their classmates what they have learned…. Works Cited Franklin, J. The Necessary Principal. Allen, R. Shu-Sheng, L. International Journal of Instructional Media. Although I believe that multiple intelligences can be incorporated into any classroom, with the right degree of creativity on the part of the teacher, I also know that having the resources to make use of computers to create webquests, to have adequate access to art and musical materials, to be able to conduct field trips, and to have a diversity of books, pictures, guest speakers, and hands-on materials will enhance my ability to make use of the multiple intelligence philosophy in my curriculum How does it fit in with my school?
Because of national pressure, schools are…. htm Four Pillars of NCLB. Department of Education. html Lane, Carla.. This in turn reflects badly upon me. There is no valid way in which I can adjust my teaching methods to relate to the narrowly focused test material without severely harming my or my students' goals towards excellence and future success. Having spoken with other teachers in my school and district, I have found that the problem also applies to teachers of other subject areas and other schools in my district. After carefully considering the issue, it was decided that a number of suggestions should be made to the chool Board and district authorities.
These are of course substantiated with current teaching and assessment theory. Conclusions and Recommendations The first and most important suggestion will be that the assessment methods should be more closely related to teaching methods in the classroom. Like children, teachers have their particular personalities and goals for the classroom. These are concomitant with teaching methods, and…. Sources Hlebowitsh, Peter S. Designing the School Curriculum. First Edition. Porter, Andrew. Critical Issue: Integrating Assessmsent and Instruction in Ways that Support Learning. Wisconsin Center for Education Research. htm Porter, Andrew , Jan 2. Curriculum Assessment. Vanderbilt University.
pdf Taylor, Catherine S. Classroom Assessment: Supporting Teaching and Learning in Real Classrooms. Curriculum is a matter often decided based on earlier curriculum, and not changed even when the changes are required and approaches have changed. This leads to opposition from existing students, teachers and parents to the recommended curriculum in schools. It is interesting to find out about the attitudes of these groups to specific subjects on the matter. It is very important for the involved groups within the schools -- teachers, students and parents to find out regarding as to what is the general opinion on matters important to the school students. This is the method of deciding a curriculum which will be suited for the development of students and also meeting the needs for development of the school curriculum by the principals.
The help to principals is in terms of their being able to mobilize their staff, students, parents and community interest groups in becoming proactively involved in the issues…. December, University of Sydney. htm Accessed 14 October, Boyd, Graham; Hemmings, Brian; Braggett, Eddie. The development of a career education program for gifted high school students. htm Accessed 14 October, The evaluation facilitator will explain that curriculum evaluation is a necessary process to help foster student growth and that evaluation is not a negative critical review; rather, it is to recognize progress and to identify areas for future improvement. This is important because evaluation has traditionally been focused on the identification of shortcomings and, for this reason, has caused anxiety and resentment which can impede constructive participation.
Second, the facilitator will explain the process of curriculum evaluation. The process will be described as an analysis of current curriculum, the expression of key goals in a formal mission statement, allocation of resources, implementation of curriculum change and the monitoring of progress over time. In this way, teachers will know exactly what to expect and this will help allay their fear of change. Plus, showing that there are well-defined processes will help lend credibility to the curriculum evaluation program. Third, the facilitator…. Bibliography Carl, AE Teacher empowerment through curriculum development: theory into practice. Kenwyn, Cape Town: Juta, p. Evaluation and assessment: Curriculum evaluation. htm The three discussion groups.
If an instructor is tied down to a time consuming curriculum, they are not allowed much room for thought and passion behind their subject leaving students unenthusiastic and dull Erickson, Also according to the same book, whose author conducted and compiled several studies, concept-based curricula are more effective than topic-based curricula because they call for students to synthesize, generalize, and analyze facts to gain a deeper understanding Erickson, Topic-based curricula on the other hand, allow for a capacious overview of one subject without the ability to further understand in the classroom.
Moreover, topic-based curricula has become obsolete as it is necessary in our ever-changing and fast paced world for students to analyze facts given instead of rereading information from decades past Erickson, Though there are conflicting studies, it seems to be the general consensus that the relationship between instruction and curriculum needs to change whatever it may…. References Cummings R. Curriculum-embedded performance assessment in higher education: maximum efficiency and minimum disruption. Erickson H.
Facilitator's Guide: Stirring the head, heart, and soul: redefining curriculum, instruction, and soul. United Kingdom: Corwin Press. Students, by seeing that a concept can unite so many different aspects of an idea are better able to draw connections between what is learned in the classroom and subjects that are common to their daily lives. For example, take the broad curricular concept of 'travel. But students can also apply the concept to math class, as they learn to budget for a trip, and calculate the speeds of various modes of transportation.
They can learn about the science of how trains and planes are propelled, as well as research the weather conditions and geography of a possible destination. They can learn about the different people, cultures, religions, and wildlife of a land, and even create art…. Works Cited Gail G. The Professional Organizational Development Network in Higher Education. What is concept-based curriculum? html generalization Ornstein, Alan C. Curriculum Models Bellevue School District in Washington recently underwent series changes to its mathematics curriculum.
The primary goal of these changes was to better prepare all students for college educations. Thus, the district implemented a subject-centered development model focusing on the discipline to help standardize mathematics education across the board and better prepare students for what they would encounter in college life. In an era where college is so important, Bellevue School District wanted to ensure that all students graduating from high school within the district were properly prepared for college. According to the research, "Bellevue's goal was to create a coherent K -- 12 aligned mathematics curriculum with support structures for teachers and students to ensure all students would be prepared to attend and graduate from college" Dana, The district is now partnering with higher education facilities to help build curriculum that prepare students for college.
The changes…. References Dana, Charles A. K Aligned Mathematics Curriculum. Practices Worthy of Attention. Bellevue School District. Bellevue School District Mathematics. Additionally related is that readers in this first six weeks of the 9th grade should "develop, select and apply strategies" to assist them in reading comprehension. The students are provided with the specific…. Curriculum Curricula associated with LSS are important and must be carefully considered in Maths and electronics teaching. The purpose of this discussion is to carry out further research connected with the topic of curricula and evaluate the extent to which this research might have an impact on personal practice in subject specialism and future professional development.
A good strategy has to be used to ensure that the curriculum is implemented effectively. The first thing is that the instructors and the school heads have to be in serviced since they are the main agents of implementation. The purpose of in servicing is to update the main implementers on any changes, discoveries and new knowledge that the curriculum will contain. This is necessary since in this time and age, the world is experiencing a revolution in Information technology. There are new discoveries and innovations that can be custom made to fit the needs of an educational system within a district or an individual institution. In servicing is also good for instructors since it helps them to overcome some of the cultural limitations that they may have. Another way in which implementation of the curriculum is done in the school is actual teaching.
Here the teacher communicates the content of the curriculum using the recommended methods of teaching. The quality assurance education officers from the city or state government would also visit the school once in a while to ensure that the actual process of instruction is done accurately and that the instructors are observing all the requirements for maintaining high standards. In cases where the instructors have little bit of limitation, the officers would offer suggestions for positive adjustments. In order for curriculum to measure up to standards by yielding the intended results, it has to be evaluated constantly. This is done by the implementers of curriculum especially the instructors. The instructors are the ones who have the greater responsibility of implementing curriculum since they are the ones who interact with the students.
The performance of the students is one of the ways in which the curriculum is evaluated. The process of evaluation that was conducted in the school involved the following evaluation principles: continuity, comprehensiveness, consistency with the objectives, and validity and reliability. Continuity implies that the curriculum continues from one level to another. The contents of one level must be linked to the contents of another level, by offering a foundation. The process of evaluating the comprehensiveness of the curriculum involved finding out the level, depth, and breadth of its coverage. Validity as one of the principles of assessments, is finding out whether the content presented by the curriculum is relevant in the society. In order for the evaluation to be effective, both summative and formative evaluations have to be done.
The agents involved in the both implementation and evaluation include learners, instructors and government education agencies. Based on the interview, there were several things about curriculum development design and evaluation that one could learn. For instance there is a need for learners to be actively involved in the process of curriculum development. Despite the model that should be selected for curriculum design, the learners should always be included in the picture. Learning process is based on the needs of the learners since they are the ones being trained. Therefore the curriculum selected within a learning institution should be one that focuses on the needs of the learners.
It is important to first of all evaluate the learners and note their diversity in terms of social and experiential background, developmental levels, motivational levels, and entry knowledge level. The needs of the learners can be identified and then set the ground for selection of the curriculum objectives. Similarly, once the objectives are set, the content can easily be picked that would meet the goals and objectives set. The deployment or implementation of the curriculum is vested upon the instructors, the school leadership staff, and the some of the subordinate staff. The instructors are the ones who play a key role in the implementation process. They interact with the learners directly and get to learn more about each of their learners on daily basis.
They are supposed to conduct formative evaluation regularly to determine the progress of the learners. At the same time they are meant to conduct summative evaluation to determine whether the goals and objectives that were initially set have been achieved. In order to be accountable for the implementation process, the instructors are also required to be evaluated based on their methodology and how they interact with the learners. Subject matter experts are essential for the delivery of the expected content in curriculum design. The district specifically uses them for secondary level of curriculum mapping since the learners at this level are more advanced and require subject matter experts in order for them to effectively learn the advanced content in the curriculum.
However in elementary level, the content is very basic and therefore the subject matter experts are not necessary. Funding curriculum is important for sustaining the process of implementation. It impacts implementation in the sense that some of the learning experiences require money in order for effective learning to be achieved. Curriculum mapping is gathering all the information that relates to curriculum, identifying all the important content and skills that need to be taught, coming up with an appropriate instructional method that will be employed, and designing an effective and efficient means of assessment. A curriculum map is very useful as it is able to identify all the important activities for curricula.
It is in fact an effective guideline for an instructor to use in the classroom to effectively cover all the important content and classroom activities that are needed to complete a program. It provides a clear range or scope of the knowledge and skills that the learners have to gain over a specific period of time. Through the designing of a curriculum map, the necessary resources can be linked and used appropriately for the effective delivery of subject content. Following the assessment that was conducted on my instructional unit learners, the model for curriculum implemented at the school is the Tyler model.
No comments:
Post a Comment